Should Muslims Use The "N" Word?
By Imam Zaid Shakir · February 27, 2008
Niggers are scared of revolution but niggers shouldn’t be scared of revolution because revolution is nothing but change, and all niggers do is change. Niggers come in from work and change into pimping clothes to hit the street to make some change. Niggers change their hair from black to red to blond and hope like hell their looks will change. Niggers kill other niggers just because one did not receive the correct change... Niggers shoot dope into their arms. Niggers shoot guns and rifles on New Year’s Eve… Where are niggers when the revolution needs some shot? …you know, niggers are somewhere shooting the sh__. Niggers are scared of revolution.Despite the fact that The Last Poets end this piece by saying “I love niggers because niggers are me…” that affectionate usage hides troubling connotations. For example, in the passage we quoted above, the word is associated with cowardice, inconsistency, pimping, self-hatred, murder, drug addiction, reckless behavior, and idleness. The fact that we love our people is not expressed by describing them, even in an affectionate context, with a word that embodies all of the negativity our oppressor has stereotypically used to attempt to dehumanize us. Maintaining that association between the word and its negative meanings does nothing to ward off the internalization of those meanings. To rephrase the passage from The Last Poets, it is as if they are saying, “We love you cowardly, inconsistent, pimping, self-hating, strung out, reckless, idle niggers.” At another level, as has been pointed out by one astute commentator, The Last Poets were trying to point out the futility of a call for external change by people who could not change themselves internally. I do not deny this. I only quote from the poem here to point out that even in most artistic communication the word nigger/nigga is associated with negativity. These sorts of overwhelmingly negative associations appear in the usages of the word by comedians after Pryor. An example of this is a skit by Chris Rock in which he declares, “I love black people, but I hate niggers.” Rock goes on to mention a series of negative associations evoked by the term “nigger.” For example:
You can’t put anything in your house. Why? Because the niggers who live next door will break in, take it all, and then come over the next day and go, “We heard you got robbed.” [4]In the late 1980s and early 1990s as rap music began moving from a genre dominated by consciousness-raising or fun-filled party music towards thuggish gangster rap, nigger/nigga became increasingly common. This development was epitomized by the emergence of NWA (Niggaz Wit Attitude). While many argue that the gangster rappers were only articulating realities that already exist within the African American community, such as gang-life, violence, prison, illegitimate births, and the use of the word nigger/nigga, it has been my contention that these groups have helped to popularize much of the negativity they so glibly describe as the realities of urban life. While the themes they rap about have always been present in urban inner-city communities, they have historically been confined to a small minority. They were identified with low-life and criminal elements and were not presented as glamorized norms to be openly adopted by masses of young people. I would argue that the popularization of the degenerate behavior, nihilism, misogyny, violence, and thug culture involved in messages put forth by gangster rap is summarized in a single term—“nigger/nigga,” and the popularization of both the word and the types of behavior it evokes goes hand in hand. In my opinion, it is difficult to associate any positive usages with the term due to what George Lakoff, and others, refers to as framing. In other words, once a word, phrase, or idea has become associated with a particular cognitive frame, using that word in any context, negatively or positively, only supports the established frame. [5] For example, now that Muslims have become so overwhelmingly identified with terrorism in this country, there is no way to break that association—working within the prevailing frame. Hence, when we declare, “Muslims are not terrorists!” It only reinforces the prevailing frame, because in the mind of the listener it reinforces the linkage between Muslims and terrorism, by evoking the dominant terms in that particular frame. All the listener tends to hear are the terms, “Muslim” and “terrorist.” In order to change a particular cognitive frame, we have to change the terms associated with it. Thus, if we want to productively discuss the issue of Islam and terrorism, we would have to reframe the issue as involving, for example, a discussion of Islam and political violence. By utilizing this new frame we are not limited by the association of Muslims with terrorism. We could not only discuss the issue of Islam and political violence (which includes terrorism) without evoking the negativity associated with a particular cognitive frame, but we would also have a neutral frame that allows us to discuss other forms of religious and political violence in a comparative sense. To return to the term “nigger,” so much negativity has been associated with that word for so long that it would be very difficult to use it in a way that did not evoke negative stereotypes. Here many contemporary analysts would say that the term has indeed been appropriated by our youth and rendered into a positive term meaning, friend, partner, etc. This is true up to a point. If one were to look deeper and ask about the qualities that render a person suitable to be someone’s “nigga” one would find that they are overwhelmingly negative. Hence, though the term may mean “friend” in some circles, what are the qualities that render a “friend” a “nigga?” Are the African American youth who are excelling in school the ones being described as someone’s “nigga?” They might be derisively attacked in terms such as “That nigger acts like he’s white,” but they will not be affectionately referred to as anyone’s “nigga.” Are the kids working two part-time jobs and going to school full-time being described as someone’s “nigga?” I think not. Are the children who avoid the parties, drugs, alcohol and other vices snaring so many of our youth being referred to as someone’s “nigga?” Based on my experiences they are not. Rather the one affectionately referred to as someone’s “nigga” is the “cool” kid selling the drugs, chasing the girls, sagging his pants, smoking the weed, gang-banging and showing no commitment to or understanding of the value of discipline, education, or history? The “nigga” is the young person we see behaving so utterly embarrassingly in pubic. As Beanie Sigel puts it, “I’ma ride with my niggas, die with my niggas, get high with my niggas…” He is saying that he is going into gang warfare with his friends, die with them in the battle if necessary, get high with them, etc. It would difficult if not impossible to find anyone saying, by way of example, “I’ma go to med school with my niggas, respect my lady with my niggas, rebuild my community with my niggas….” As the term has become popularized among our youth, so too has its association with the types of negative behavior mentioned above. An increasingly large number of our children, especially our young men, want to be a stereotypical “nigga,” which in many instances involves behavior that the whites who scathingly transformed the term into the ultimate insult meant for it to define. The increasingly widespread use of the term among our youth involves a seductive illusion of empowerment. Seductive because it is so accessible, illusionary because it does nothing to meaningfully change the basis of the negative stereotypes associated with the word, or to encourage the characteristics that are needed to meaningfully enhance a young person’s chances of empowering themselves in this society. Rather, in a backhanded way, it serves to undermine the path to real empowerment. As Muslims we understand that words form the basis of our ethical universe. This is so because words and the meanings they convey move our consciousness beyond the realm of physicality and into the realm of meaning, which in turn constitutes the foundation of our ability to think ethically. Hence, God mentions in the Qur’an:
Have you not seen how God presents the parable of a good word, it is like a good tree, it roots are firmly rooted [in the ground] and its branches extend towards heaven. It brings forth its fruit during every season by permission of its Lord. Thus does God present parables to people in order that they are reminded. And the parable of a vile word is like a vile tree, it is easily uprooted from the surface of the earth; it has no anchorage. (14:24-26)Words in this regard are part of the forces that engender a healthy human consciousness in us. Furthermore, individual words do not stand alone, in terms of the reality they define. They are part of a system of meaning that informs a conceptual worldview. In affirming the acceptability or even the desirability of freely using the term “nigger” we are not endorsing a single term, we are endorsing a verbal culture that collectively works to dehumanize our youth. For example, popularizing the term “nigga’” has been accompanied by the enhanced acceptability and widespread usage of bi_, ho’ (whore), dog, motherf__, sh__ and a host of other terms that historically were associated with vulgar language. Collectively, they are part of an integrated culture characterized by nihilism, hedonism, self-hatred, and an increasingly alienated disconnection from mainstream society. God declares in the Qur’an, You are the best people raised up to benefit humanity. You enjoin the right, forbid the wrong and believe in God. (3:110) Enjoining right and forbidding wrong are part of the mission of the Muslims. Doing so requires a well-established standard of right and wrong. Part of the effort to undermine religion lies in the undermining of revealed or widely accepted moral standards. In the ensuing confusion, many things long held to be blameworthy and in many instances almost universally condemned become acceptable. Illegitimate children, foul language, uncouth and slothful comportment, open displays of sexual affection (both heterosexual and homosexual) and sloppy dressing have all become acceptable or even encouraged behavior, as we move ever further down a slippery slope in what amounts to a moral race to the bottom. The elimination of moral prohibitions and taboos is part of the process of unraveling a society’s ethical universe. Once prohibitions and taboos are no longer accepted society looses its basis for an objective moral standard. Eliminating prohibitions surrounding the indiscriminate use of the word “nigger,” in the African American context, are part of a larger moral unraveling. As Muslims, we simply should not be part of that process. The rap star, Nas, recently said that he wants to encourage the use of the word “nigger” because today’s youth do no know anything about Medgar Evers. If we analyze this statement, we can see the latent danger it hides. In essence Nas is saying, “History has no meaning in the life of a people.” The fact that people died because they refused to accept being labeled or acting like a “nigger” is apparently of no consequence to Nas. The fact that the people who murdered Medgar Evers derisively referred to him as a “nigger” is of no consequence to Nas. The fact that he is wittingly or unwittingly encouraging our youth to forget the pain and suffering associated with the term is apparently of no consequence to Nas. Before going further in this discussion, I will mention a few incidents that demonstrate the depth of the pain and humiliation associated with the term.
When Charles McLaurin, an organizer with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), was jailed in Columbia, Mississippi, a patrolman asked him, “Are you a Negro or a nigger?” When McLaurin responded, “Negro,” another patrolman hit him in the face. When he gave the same reply to the same question, McLaurin was again beaten. Finally, asked the question a third time, he answered, “I am a nigger.” At that point the first patrolman told him to leave and warned, “If I ever catch you here again I’ll kill you.” As a child the playwright August Wilson stopped going to school for a while after a series of notes were left in his desk by white classmates. The notes read: “Go home nigger.” Michael Jordan was suspended from school for hitting a white girl who called him “nigger” during a fight over a seat on a school bus in Wilmington, North Carolina. Brenda Woodford wrote that in the predominantly middle-class community where she grew up, little boys on bicycles would constantly encircle her, chanting, “Nigger, nigger, nigger.”On the verge of breaking Babe Ruth’s record for most career home runs, Hank Aaron received hundreds of “Dear Nigger” hate letters. Here is a sampling of them:
Dear Black Boy, Listen Black Boy, we don’t want no nigger Babe Ruth. Dear Mr. Nigger, I hope you don’t break the Babe’s record. How can I tell my kids that a nigger did it? Dear Nigger, You can hit all dem home runs over dem short fences, but you can’t take dat black off yo face. Dear Nigger, You black animal, I hope you never live long enough to hit more home runs than the great Babe Ruth… [6]To cut our youth off from this history is to do them a tremendous disservice, for it is to deny them knowledge of where they came from, and the sacrifices made by others to make it possible for them to live a dignified existence. It is said that a people who do not know where they came from do not know where they are going. Is it any wonder we find so many empty souls aimlessly wandering down the byways of life? Drifting without anchors. And the parable of a vile word is like a vile tree, it is easily uprooted from the surface of the earth; it has no anchorage. (14:26) As Muslims we believe in the value of tradition as an indispensable link with the past that provides the foundation upon which to build the future. One of the fundamental teachings of our religion is following the established tradition (Sunnah) of our Prophet, peace upon him, and the tradition of his rightly guided successors. A people who have been cut off from their tradition lack such a foundation. Without a foundation they will never build a meaningful future. By refusing to challenge the dehumanization of our youth, which in my view includes the widespread use of the word “nigger/nigga,” we are refusing to challenge the forces that are cutting them off from the traditions of their ancestors. By so doing, we are effectively contributing to denying them a meaningful future. In my opinion, this is an untenable position for a Muslim. In conclusion, a Muslim should be a person who inspires hope and not one who affirms despair. Real hope for the legions of African American youth in this country lies in instilling in them a vision for the future predicated on their self worth and true human potential, and built on the sacrifices of those who preceded them. For Muslims to endorse the bitter fruits of an ill-conceived status quo that finds its expression in a nihilistic, destructive popular culture, epitomized by the widespread use of the term “nigger,” is a severe dereliction of our duty as benefactors, and an abandonment of the positive social role Islam has played historically in the African American community. Notes [1] In this letter, Dr. King makes his famous statement, “When your first name becomes “nigger,” your middle name becomes “boy” (however old you are) and your last name becomes “John…” See http://stanford.edu/group/King/frequentdocs/birmingham.pdf [2] Quoted in Randall Kennedy, Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word (New York: Vintage Books, 2003), 155-156 [3] Tupac's inconsistency on the issue of the positivity or negativity of "nigga" is illustrative of a general trend in his work. Despite his mentioning that nigga means "never ignorant..." elsewhere he glorifies stereotypical "nigga" behavior. He says, for example: I roll with a crew of zoo niggaz They're quick to pull a nine when it's time to do niggaz... Roll me a blunt and pass the brew nigga... Before I go broke I'll be a drug dealer, thug nigga... [4] Quoted in Kennedy, 36. [5] For a concise discussion of issues related to framing see George Lakoff, Don’t Think of an Elephant: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate (White River Junction, VT, 2004). [6] This series of quotes can be found in Kennedy, 17-20.
Comments (117)
Syed Tayyeb
February 27, 2008
Salaam o alaykum Imam, The views in this article could not have been more eloquently and poignantly expressed. The issue being alluded to is a serious one and the disillusionment of the youth is something that urgently needs to be addressed. I thank you Imam Zaid for taking on such a responsibility by opening up the minds of many people who are oblivious to the realities of modern society and are choosing to ignore these issues. They are subsequently left in bewilderment when their children are so far astray from the noble ideals and morals that they were inculcated with in their childhood. Jazak'Allah Khairan Your brother in Islam Wsalaam
Amir Dawud
February 27, 2008
As-Salaamu Alaykum Ma Sha Allah, this was an excellent article. I was at an event about a year ago where this topic was discussed. I agree that the use of the N word is much more comprehensive than just that word. It is indicative of how we as a people view ourselves and each other and the dehumanizing effects of slavery, white supremacy, and systematic racism. I also believe that it's not just about the N word per se but how we use language to and about ourselves and each other. We have a lot of work to do to undo the damage that has been done. It will take each one of us that profess to have some consciousness to be an example of humanity, dignity, and self-respect and then in turn teach that to others. Is this not a part of our Deen anyway?! Amir Dawud
ma'ida
February 27, 2008
as salamu alaykum Imam Zaid. Excellent article. Many thanks.
Ibrahim
February 28, 2008
This is a major issue in the indo-pak and arab-american muslim community. The use of the term is widespread and we, the immigrant youth, justify its use by claiming that since we are also minorities we have a right to use the word... I have heard the argument presented above that the more we use the word in a positive manner we will change the meaning of the word...I disagree with this proposition and like the way you attacked that argument. I find it interesting that this is an ongoing discussion in the Blackamerican community at large as well, spearheaded by people like Oprah Winfrey. I think this article needs to be printed/published in Islamica Magazine, Islamic Horizons and every other Muslim publication out there to reach every American Muslim youth - regardless of their ethnicity.
Amina
February 28, 2008
AsSalaam Alikum Imam Zaid Shakir, Mashallah great article
Canuck
February 29, 2008
There's nothing to add; This article is brilliant. Salaam, Maha
MR
March 1, 2008
Asalamualykum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh! Great article Imam Zaid. One correction though, the rapper spells it Nas (not Naz). I'd also like to suggest a replacement word for all those brothers that use 'nigga'. Instead of that, we should say "What's good akh, or What's poppin akhi, etc." Use akhi or akh instead of nigga. May Allah (swt) make it easy for all the Muslim youth to end the use of this word. Ma'salaama,
theManOfFewWords
March 1, 2008
Imam Zaid mentioned H. Rap Brown and the "N" word so I thought it would be interesting to post on my blog what H. Rap Brown actually said about the word. You can check it out here
kabir
March 1, 2008
I would love to agree with this article because the history of the word "Nigger" and how much pain suffering our African American counterparts had to go through just to get rid of this word, however, I cant because it will be hypocritical of myself due to the fact I actually use this word or a word similar to it called "Nigga." Now, I do not have the same intentions as white people did back in the days but I do use it for people who seem to be clutch. My argument is that, if most of the African American don't seem to have a problem with this then why should we care so much about this problem because it doesn't really concern us and we as Muslims have bigger problems to tackle. Now, people might call me an ignorant because I don't seem to agree with the Imam, but this is how its going to be until African Americans as a whole stand up and get rid of this word all together. For now, I believe that young people as a whole will continue to use it because they grew up with it and what I find funny and I have seen it happen too is that an African American can call a white person his "Nigga" which shows us the weird beauty and diversification of this word. I am not here to encourage people to start using this word and I believe that I will grow out of using this word as time progresses but for now if you want to get rid of this word then you must change the way young people think in this country.
Canuck
March 2, 2008
Brother Kabir - With all due respect to your opinion, it begs the very simple question: Egg or chicken? How would you propose we "change the way young people think in this country" if we don't address items such as the language used? Language and its history is the expression of our present. The "way young people think in this (and any) country" is through the interpretation of language. Thought is words in motion, words borne of imagery and words lived. You can not - absolutely not - change Thought while ignoring that Thought is composite of Word(s). The 'N' word is among the most heavily laden in this particular category. Peace, Maha
ayesha
March 3, 2008
As Salaam Alaikum Imam Zaid, Thank you for this insightful discussion on this important topic. Your essay is an amazing lesson in sociology, anthropology, history and Islam. It is not a word that gives one dignity or humanity, whether someone is using it or being called it. In a similar context, though with less historical impact in the US, the word 'Paki'is widely used by Muslims and Pakistanis . It is sad that we stoop to such levels and accept derogratory and rascist terms in any way. We need to remember that the Prophet told us that a Muslim is one by whose hand and tongue another is not hurt or harmed. We must be more like the Prophet (peace and blessings upon him): have dignity, decency, unity, humility, civility, chivalry, and protect each other, particularly women and children.
theManOfFewWords
March 3, 2008
I didnt realize Paki was offensive, I have been using it for years with my Pakistani friends. They never said anything nor did they think it was offensive. It is widely used amongst Pakistanis as well ... I think u may be a little off about that.
Sami
March 3, 2008
Dear Imam Zaid, I very much enjoyed your article. Through providence (or "tawaafuk" as we might call it), in the class I work as a teaching assistant (Black Media), we were showing a documentary entitled "The N-Word" last week, as you published this essay. As a person very much interested in this topic, I feel it is important you have addressed this issue, and I hope this and other socially relevant discussions can continue and result in productive enlightened action. I also have one specific comment: Even though I fully understand your presentation of the Last Poets' Revolution and how the n-word is directly connected to numerous negative adjectives, I humbly feel it might also be important to recognize and/or present the element that most probably Last Poets in that poem were highlighting a hypocrisy they have been observing; in that they were presenting a social criticism of some African-Americans who might call for revolution and change, but only change for the worse in their personal lives. In other words, while calling for social change, they were (are) not ready for this transformation in themselves. To single out this type of mentality from the overall community, maybe they utilized the n-word to distinguish this mind-set from the general body of Blackamericans. This reminded me of an Amir Sulaiman piece in which he asks the audience if they are ready for revolution, and he made the point that most people are not since they cannot conform to an outer revolution if they are still smoking, drinking and etc in their personal lives which needs to be changed first and foremost. Still, this is a side-note, and as you said, their usage was definitely adding to the popularity of the n-word. Also, I do not think their art was consumed by mass/pop audiences. Rather it was for a more conscious audience who probably had a better sense to distinguish this more sophisticated usage, as opposed today's gangsta rap audiences. Another point I'll like to make to go along with your statements about gansta rap is that, in the documentary "N-Word" Chuck D of Public Enemy states how the usage of the N-word was extremely limited by the Hiphop artists of the time until NWA entered the scene and the ensuing popularization of the 'gangsta rap' by mostly white-owned record labels. They saw this as an opportunity to "exoticize" the "hood" and as Chuck D would say "sell Black-death." Hence, I very much appreciated that you made it a point to differentiate between Hiphop culture, music, and the pop-commodity of gangsta rap. Thank you again, and I hope the discussion goes on.
Ibrahim
March 3, 2008
The term "Paki" is derogatory in England...I do not know of any Pakistanis here that view that word to be offensive...
Imam Zaid Shakir
March 3, 2008
As-Salaam 'Alaikum Brother Kabir, Insha Allah you are well. Although I obviously disagree with your position, I respect your right to disagree with mine and encourage you to speak up unapologetically for what you understand to be true. This is an issue where we need a full discussion that is why we had a forum around it. Never hesitate to critique anything I say, because I want to arrive at the truth and if you or anyone else can help me get there I thank you for that. We sharpen our own arguments by reflecting on the points made by those who disagree with them. May Allah be with you.
MR
March 3, 2008
Kabir - Check this video out: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD-UpHlB9no
anonymous
March 4, 2008
salaam alaykum Imam Zaid. Jazak Allah khair for this article and for saying it how it is. I have to say myself that it is only when I studied in the U.S. that I started thinking about such issues. As a francophone West African, I'd never heard Africans or Black Frenchs for that matter use any word similar to that. There is however this new trend of referring to blacks as 'Black', it might sound silly but when speaking French and hearing someone say 'le Black/la Black' it is certainly not a compliment. I am currently living in South Africa and as you know the race issue is explosive here. A few days ago in one of the most respected papers, a journalist was arguing about the use of the term 'kaffir'. Kaffir was a term used by White South Africans during apartheid to refer to Blacks and it embodied all the negative characteristics you've described: laziness, stupidity, immorality, etc. and even in this sense non believer as Blacks were not Christians. It's interesting that it's the same word as Arabic for non believer. Now a prominent person had referred to someone else as 'this kaffir, or his kaffir ways' and the journalist was arguing that he agreed with the use of kaffir to denote everything negative that Whites think of when referring to Blacks because that was after all the definition of that word. Interestingly enough, no Blacks walk around calling each other 'my kaffir' instead it's more like 'my bra' as in my brother or 'my china' as in my pal. I would align myself with your position and with the fact that there's no need to use this word whether it's to reclaim one's history or to transform the usage of the word.
..
March 8, 2008
The word 'Paki' is offensive in UK. lol Last time i went to UK, i used it and was yelled at by my relatives there. (I am a Paki myself and i always use that term, nobody finds it offensive in here)
Imam Zaid Shakir
March 12, 2008
As-Salaam 'Alaikum Sami and Anonymous, Thank you for your insightful comments. I am sure that others appreciate them as much as I do. Your comments as well as the remarks of others, both on this blog and else where, have helped me to think more deeply about the issue. Insha Allah, we can all do our part to help bring about a more enlightened world. Keep up the good work.
Azizah
March 21, 2008
As Salaamu Alaikum, Imam Zaid I found your article both logically based and on point. Insha'Allah more of us will pay attention to the necessity of adhering to our Islamic duty in this regard and relay with others. Jazak Allahu Khairan for insight that needs to be shared with more of our youth, both Muslim and non Muslim.
Kabir
March 26, 2008
As Salaamu Alaikum: First of all, I want to thank the Imam for encouraging us not to hold back our thoughts and I believe that we as Muslims deserve and especially our Imams deserve to be criticized because we are certainly not carrying out the prophet's message and obeying the words of our Lord. Second I want to thank Mr. Canuck and MR for responding to my article. I feel that Mr. Canuck made a really nice point when he said that "Language and its history is the expression of our present" and I absolutely agree with you, but guess what, the word "Nigger" is definitely part of our present, it was part of our past and the way things are going, there is a good chance that your kids might have the same discussion that we are having right now. MR, your brief clip of someone saying that how bad the word "nigger" was definitely influential but i can show you thousands of videos where people are embracing that word, but that was a good start and I encourage that, however, this does not solve the root of the problem which is why our society is so much in love with this word that after 200 years of struggle we still can't get rid of this. I believe that this is the time our Imams should step up their games because most of the Imams that I have seen and heard, do not even know what this word is, including the Imam of my Masjid and to tell you the truth I do not know half of the time what he is talking about because his English is not even up to Par yet. I definitely take the blame for not doing my job as a muslim and using this word for other purposes but I was raised this way and no one stopped me. I told u I will grow out of it and most of us will but by then, there will be another generation that will embrace this word. I believe that the only way we can do this is by creating better role models, bringing people closer to religion and when people are closer to their religion, then the Imams should know which problems are bothering the society presently and they should know how to tackle these problems by using Quran and Sharia. P.S. Can someone introduce me to Sharia, because I like to study law and Sharia is definitely the mother of todays common and civil law.
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